ABSTRACT
Introduction: anemia of chronic disease has a widespread impact on patients with chronic disorders such as chronic inflammation, infection, malignancy etc. The pathophysiology behind it is largely due to involvement of hepcidin levels which are high as a result of the underlying chronic disorder, but negatively affects iron metabolism and erythropoiesis
Aim of the work: we tried to understand the pathogenesis, impact, diagnosis, and management of anemia due to chronic diseases
Methodology: we conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed and EMBASE from January 2001 to March 2017. The following search terms were used: anemia of chronic disease, anemia of inflammation, types of anemia, management of chronic anemia
Conclusion: since absolute treatment for the underlying chronic conditions are not available, various other modalities aimed at treating the anemia are developing. They include conventional and novel therapies. More researches must be done in order to manage the condition by treating the underlying cause, or for finding therapies with least side effects
ABSTRACT
Background: thyrotoxicosis is a hypermetabolic state due to excessive amounts of thyroid hormone in the circulation. There are several causes and the worst presentation is a thyroid storm, which is an endocrinal emergency. Clinically, thyrotoxicosis can present vaguely leading to misdiagnosis and mismanagement
Aim of the work: this study aimed to understand the clinical presentation of thyrotoxicosis, its diagnosis and ways of management
Methodology: we conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE from January 1987 to March 2017
Conclusion: due to its vague presentation, thyrotoxicosis can be misdiagnosed and managed wrongly, leading to life threatening condition called thyroid storm. Health care physicians must keep a high degree of suspicion in order to provide prompt therapeutic measures to avoid complications as well as death of patient